Kemandirian belajar merupakan salah satu kompetensi penting yang perlu dimiliki siswa dalam menghadapi tuntutan pembelajaran abad ke-21, khususnya pada pembelajaran matematika yang menuntut kemampuan berpikir logis, kritis, dan pemecahan masalah. Perbedaan karakteristik kemandirian belajar siswa diduga berkaitan dengan kemampuan kognitif yang dimiliki masing-masing individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik kemandirian belajar siswa berdasarkan kemampuan kognitif dalam pembelajaran matematika di SMK Muhammadiyah Abung Semuli. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan tiga subjek penelitian yang mewakili kategori kemampuan kognitif tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes kemampuan kognitif, angket kemandirian belajar, wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, sedangkan keabsahan data diperoleh melalui triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa dengan kemampuan kognitif tinggi memiliki karakteristik kemandirian belajar yang baik pada seluruh indikator, meliputi percaya diri, disiplin, inisiatif belajar, tanggung jawab, kemampuan belajar tanpa bergantung kepada orang lain, serta kemampuan memandang kesulitan sebagai tantangan. Siswa dengan kemampuan kognitif sedang menunjukkan karakteristik kemandirian belajar yang cukup baik, sedangkan siswa dengan kemampuan kognitif rendah masih menunjukkan ketergantungan terhadap bantuan guru maupun teman dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan matematika. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan kognitif berkaitan dengan karakteristik kemandirian belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika.  

This research aims to analyze the shift in meaning in the English-to-Indonesian subtitle translation of Pete Docter's film "Soul." Shift in meaning is a common phenomenon in the translation process due to differences in language structure, culture, and technical limitations in subtitle writing. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method, with data collection techniques through observation and documentation. The data consisted of dialogue in English and its translation into Indonesian, which was then analyzed to identify the types of shifts that occurred. The results indicate that various types of shift in meaning exist, including syntactic, connotative, semantic, paradigmatic, idiomatic, grammatical, lexical, conceptual, cultural, and temporal shifts. Of these types, lexical and idiomatic shifts are the most prevalent due to the large number of typical English expressions that have no direct equivalents in Indonesian. This shift in meaning is influenced by several factors, such as cultural differences, language structure, situational context, and the limitations of space and time in subtitles. Furthermore, this study also found that shift in meaning is not always negative. In some cases, shifts actually help viewers more easily understand the film's message, adapting it to their cultural context. However, if not done correctly, shifting can detract from the accuracy of the original message and lead to misunderstandings. Therefore, subtitle translators are required to possess strong linguistic skills and cultural understanding to maintain a balance between accuracy and readability.

The problem discussed in this study is the types of compound words used in the last four chapters of the novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the types of compound words found in the novel. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected from compound words found in Chapters Fourteen to Seventeen of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. The analysis was based on the theories of word formation and compounding proposed by Yule (2010), Bauer (2001), and Lieber (2009). The results of the study show that 72 compound words were identified in the data. They consist of 47 compound nouns, 22 compound adjectives, and 3 compound adverbs. Based on their orthographic forms, the compounds are classified into 24 closed compounds, 20 open compounds, and 28 hyphenated compounds. The findings indicate that compound nouns are the most frequently used type of compound word in the last four chapters of the novel. Therefore, it can be concluded that compounding is one of the important word-formation processes used in the novel to create meaningful and varied vocabulary.

This research aims to analyze the factors influencing students' focus in listening comprehension. The research used a qualitative descriptive approach with 25 fourth-semester students of the English Language Education Study Program at Muhammadiyah University of Kotabumi Academic Year 2025/2026. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, allowing researchers to explore students' experiences, perspectives, and obstacles encountered during the listening process. The results showed that there are two main groups of factors influencing student focus, internal factors and external factors. Internal factors include motivation, limited vocabulary, lack of focus and prior knowledge. Students tend to focus more when the material is interesting, relevant to their daily lives, and aligns with their interests. Conversely, limited vocabulary and low motivation can lead to loss of focus. Meanwhile, external factors include the speaker's accent, speaking speed, clarity of delivery, and the learning environment. Unfamiliar accents, too fast speaking speed, and less conducive classroom conditions proved to be major obstacles to maintaining focus. This research also found that engaging lecturer delivery methods and the use of appropriate learning media can increase student engagement. So, it can be concluded that focus in listening comprehension is influenced by a combination of interrelated internal and external factors. Therefore, effective learning strategies and a supportive learning environment are needed to optimally improve students' listening skills.